NMO is considered to be a more serious disease than MS because the symptoms, including loss of vision and gait function, are more disabling and frequently require immunosuppressant therapy. NMO selectively involves the optic nerves and spinal cord, but typically spares the brain. Typical neurological complications in the early stages of MS include sensory disturbances, diplopia, unilateral optic neuritis, limb weakness, and gait ataxia. In Korea, the crude prevalence of MS is 3.5 to 3.6/100,000 individuals. MS is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders in young adults, affecting an estimated 1.1 million patients worldwide. MS is characterized by the demyelination of CNS white matter disseminated in time and spaces. Although MS and NMO have overlapping manifestations, including a chronic relapsing course and CNS demyelination, recent clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunologic studies have shown that the diseases can be distinguished. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are chronic idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) that occur throughout the world. Our findings highlight the need for different clinical approaches to assess and treat psychiatric disturbances in patients with MS and NMO. Subjective psychiatric disturbances were more severe in patients with MS than in those with NMO, whereas PO and NB and HRV in patients with NMO were comparable with those of MS patients. Disease duration was associated with hopelessness in NMO patients and with several psychiatric disturbances, but not hopelessness, in MS patients. However, NMO patients had lower QOL, and higher levels of hopelessness, suicidality, and fatigue than the normal range. The PO and NB and HRV values were not significantly different between groups. MS patients had higher levels of depression, anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive–compulsiveness, aggression, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, self-regulation problems, stress vulnerability, and lower psychological quality of life (QOL) compared with NMO patients. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. Positivity offset (PO) and negativity bias (NB) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured using a modified implicit affect test and photoplethysmograph, respectively. Disease-related function was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Global Assessment of Function. Personality was assessed using the Big Five Inventory-10. Psychiatric disturbances were assessed in 24 MS and 35 NMO patients using the Beck Hopelessness Scale, Symptom Checklist-95 and the brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life. We used subjective and objective measurements to compare the psychiatric disturbances in patients with MS and NMO. To check on other test titles, see the complete index.Although both multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are demyelinating diseases, their psychiatric disturbances may differ given differences in the neurological manifestations. Also, individual test reviews may be obtained through Test Reviews Online. The following is a complete list of tests reviewed in the Thirteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook (1998).
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